This is a database of peer-reviewed literature that focuses on Genetic Biocontrol research. The latest are shown here.
From the Lab to the Field: Long-Distance Transport of Sterile Aedes Mosquitoes
Background
Pilot programs of the sterile insect technique (SIT) against Aedes aegypti may rely on importing significant and consistent numbers of high-quality sterile males from a distant mass rearing factory. As such, long-distance mass transport of sterile males may contribute to meet this requirement if their survival and quality are not compromised. This study therefore aimed to develop and assess a novel method for long-distance shipments of sterile male mosquitoes from the laboratory to the field.
Maïga, H., Bakhoum, M. T., Mamai, W., Diouf, G., Bimbilé Somda, N. S., Wallner, T., … & Bouyer, J. (2023). From the lab to the field: Long-distance transport of sterile Aedes mosquitoes. Insects, 14(2), 207.
Review of gene drive modelling and implications for risk assessment of gene drive organisms
Background
Synthetic gene drive (GD) systems constitute a form of novel invasive environmental biotechnology with far-reaching consequences beyond those of other known genetically modified organisms (GMOs). During the last 10 years, the development of GD systems has been closely linked to mathematical modelling which can provide feedback on how to achieve gene drive spread but also may be used to predict the ecological consequences of a gene drive release. GMOs, thus also GD systems, need to pass an environmental risk assessment (ERA) prior to a release into the environment. Models in this respect may play an important role because a release of GD organisms, even at a small scale, may not be reversible.
Frieß, J. L., Lalyer, C. R., Giese, B., Simon, S., & Otto, M. (2023). Review of gene drive modelling and implications for risk assessment of gene drive organisms. Ecological Modelling, 478, 110285.
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Harnessing Wolbachia cytoplasmic incompatibility alleles for confined gene drive: A modeling study
Background
Wolbachia bacteria can be placed into insects and released into the wild, where the Wolbachia spreads throughout the insect population. They have been used as an effective disease control tool because the Wolbachia reduces transmission of pathogens by mosquitoes. It may also be possible to use the Wolbachia spread mechanism to power a gene drive, allowing for flexible deployment of cargo genes in insect populations.
Li, J., & Champer, J. (2023). Harnessing Wolbachia cytoplasmic incompatibility alleles for confined gene drive: A modeling study. PLoS Genetics, 19(1), e1010591.
Closing the gap to effective gene drive in Aedes aegypti by exploiting germline regulatory elements
Background
CRISPR/Cas9-based homing gene drives have emerged as a potential new approach to mosquito control. While attempts have been made to develop such systems in Aedes aegypti, none have been able to match the high drive efficiency observed in Anopheles species. Here we generate Ae. aegypti transgenic lines expressing Cas9 using germline-specific regulatory elements and assess their ability to bias inheritance of an sgRNA-expressing element.
Anderson, M. A., Gonzalez, E., Ang, J. X., Shackleford, L., Nevard, K., Verkuijl, S. A., … & Alphey, L. (2023). Closing the gap to effective gene drive in Aedes aegypti by exploiting germline regulatory elements. Nature Communications, 14(1), 338.
Sterility of Aedes albopictus by X-ray Irradiation as an Alternative to γ-ray Irradiation for the Sterile Insect Technique
Background
The mosquito Aedes albopictus can transmit various arboviral diseases, posing a severe threat to human health. As an environmentally friendly method, sterile insect technology (SIT) is considered an alternative to traditional methods such as chemical pesticides to control Ae. albopictus. In SIT, the sterility of male mosquitoes can be achieved by γ-ray or X-ray radiation. Compared with γ-rays, X-rays are easier to obtain, cheaper, and less harmful. However, there is a lack of comparative assessment of these two types of radiation for SIT under the same controlled conditions.
Wang, L. M., Li, N., Ren, C. P., Peng, Z. Y., Lu, H. Z., Li, D., … & Deng, S. Q. (2023). Sterility of Aedes albopictus by X-ray Irradiation as an Alternative to γ-ray Irradiation for the Sterile Insect Technique. Pathogens, 12(1), 102.
Gene drive-mediated population elimination for biodiversity conservation. When you come to a fork in the road, take it
Background
Gene drive occurs when alleles of genes, multigene cassettes, or large chromosomal regions are transmitted to fertile progeny at greater-than-Mendelian frequencies (50%). Gene drive can be used to bring about population suppression or elimination when the rate at which the drive element increases in frequency outpaces a fitness cost induced by its presence, and the population is driven to an unfit state. Much work has focused on applications involving mosquito vectors of human disease. Many other applications have their origin in the global problem of invasive species, and thinking about how to ameliorate the many harms they are associated with: food insecurity, human disease, economic loss, environmental degradation, and loss of biodiversity.
Hay, B. A., & Guo, M. (2022). Gene drive-mediated population elimination for biodiversity conservation. When you come to a fork in the road, take it. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(51), e2218020119.
Developing the radiation-based sterile insect technique (SIT) for controlling Aedes aegypti: identification of a sterilizing dose
Background
The sterile insect technique (SIT) is emerging as a tool to supplement traditional pesticide-based control of Aedes aegypti, a prominent mosquito vector of microbes that has increased the global burden of human morbidity and mortality over the past 50 years. SIT relies on rearing, sterilizing and releasing large numbers of male mosquitoes that will mate with fertile wild females, thus reducing production of offspring from the target population.
Chen, C., Aldridge, R. L., Gibson, S., Kline, J., Aryaprema, V., Qualls, W., … & Hahn, D. A. (2023). Developing the radiation‐based sterile insect technique (SIT) for controlling Aedes aegypti: identification of a sterilizing dose. Pest Management Science, 79(3), 1175-1183.
A CRISPR endonuclease gene drive reveals distinct mechanisms of inheritance bias
Background
CRISPR/Cas gene drives can bias transgene inheritance through different mechanisms. Homing drives are designed to replace a wild-type allele with a copy of a drive element on the homologous chromosome. In Aedes aegypti, the sex-determining locus is closely linked to the white gene, which was previously used as a target for a homing drive element (wGDe). Here, through an analysis using this linkage we show that in males inheritance bias of wGDe did not occur by homing, rather through increased propagation of the donor drive element.
Verkuijl, S. A., Gonzalez, E., Li, M., Ang, J. X., Kandul, N. P., Anderson, M. A., … & Alphey, L. (2022). A CRISPR endonuclease gene drive reveals distinct mechanisms of inheritance bias. Nature Communications, 13(1), 7145.
Why Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility is so common
Background
Wolbachia are obligately intracellular alphaproteobacteria that infect approximately half of all insect species. Maternal inheritance of these endosymbionts produces selection to enhance female fitness. In addition to mutualistic phenotypes such as nutrient provisioning, Wolbachia produce various reproductive manipulations that favor infected females. Most common is cytoplasmic incompatibility, namely reduced embryo viability when Wolbachia-infected males fertilize Wolbachia-uninfected females. The regular loss of cytoplasmic incompatibility indicates this phenotype is not favored by natural selection among Wolbachia variants within host populations.
Turelli, M., Katznelson, A., & Ginsberg, P. S. (2022). Why Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility is so common. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(47), e2211637119.
Driving down malaria transmission with engineered gene drives
Background
The last century has witnessed the introduction, establishment and expansion of mosquito-borne diseases into diverse new geographic ranges. Malaria is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. Despite making great strides over the past few decades in reducing the burden of malaria, transmission is now on the rise again, in part owing to the emergence of mosquito resistance to insecticides, antimalarial drug resistance and, more recently, the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in the reduced implementation efficiency of various control programs. The utility of genetically engineered gene drive mosquitoes as tools to decrease the burden of malaria by controlling the disease-transmitting mosquitoes is being evaluated.
Garrood, W. T., Cuber, P., Willis, K., Bernardini, F., Page, N. M., & Haghighat-Khah, R. E. (2022). Driving down malaria transmission with engineered gene drives. Frontiers in Genetics, 13.